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In May 2001, anti-Muslim persecution extended into Maungdaw and northern Arakan, where human-rights investigations documented the destruction of mosques and madrassas, restrictions on Muslim movement, and reported involvement of local security authorities. The events demonstrate how anti-Muslim vio…
Open in Rohipedia →In June 2012, violence engulfed Akyab/Sittwe, the capital of Arakan State, killing civilians, destroying homes and displacing both Muslim and Rakhine communities. The destruction of Narzi, the city's largest Muslim neighbourhood, became one of the defining episodes of the violence. Thousands of Rohi…
Open in Rohipedia →On 8 June 2012, violence erupted in Maungdaw after Friday prayers amid intense anger over the killing of ten Muslim travellers at Taungup. Rohingya participants allegedly attacked Rakhine civilians and property, while Rohingya witnesses described police and NaSaKa shootings, arrests and violence ag…
Open in Rohipedia →From 9–12 June 2012, the violence that had erupted in Maungdaw expanded into Rohingya neighbourhoods, villages and transport routes across northern Arakan. As emergency rule was imposed, Rohingya organisations reported mounting casualties while witnesses described shootings, destruction, restrictio…
Open in Rohipedia →An examination of Arakan immediately before the 1942 massacres from a Rohingya historical perspective, focusing on the wider geographical presence of Muslim communities, colonial-era demographic change, growing communal tensions, and the collapse of British authority that preceded the wartime catas…
Open in Rohipedia →…te imagery independently documented extensive destruction, including thousands of structures in Akyab/Sittwe. Because access was restricted and sources used different methods, the chapter preserves the competing records rather than imposing a single unsupported casualty figure.
Open in Rohipedia →Dr. Aye Maung emerged as one of the most influential Rakhine nationalist politicians during Myanmar's political transition. As leader of the RNDP and later a prominent ANP figure, he rejected recognition of Rohingya identity, framed their presence through citizenship, immigration, demographic secur…
Open in Rohipedia →General Khin Nyunt became one of the most powerful figures in Myanmar's military-security establishment between 1988 and 2004. This article examines his rise through Military Intelligence and SLORC/SPDC, the transformation of northern Arakan through militarisation, NaSaKa, forced labour, model vill…
Open in Rohipedia →The Kaladan is one of Arakan's principal river systems, connecting the mountainous interior with Kyauktaw, the central agricultural plains, Sittwe and the Bay of Bengal. For centuries it has supported settlement, rice cultivation, fisheries, navigation and trade. The river also occupies a painful p…
Open in Rohipedia →In late October 2012, a second and geographically wider wave of violence struck Rohingya and other Muslim communities across Arakan. Attacks affected nine townships, including Mrauk-U, Minbya, Myebon, Pauktaw, Kyaukphyu, Ramree, Kyauktaw and Rathedaung. Rohingya testimony described large armed grou…
Open in Rohipedia →The history of Old Arakan from its early kingdoms to British rule and the Second World War, including the development of its Buddhist and Muslim communities and the historical roots of the Rohingya.
Open in Rohipedia →A historical examination of the origins and formation of the Rohingya, tracing Arakan's position as a Bay of Bengal frontier, early Muslim presence, the Mrauk-U period, colonial transformation, population movements, political organization and the development of modern Rohingya identity.
Open in Rohipedia →Following the June 2012 violence, the displacement of Rohingya increasingly developed into an institutionalized system of separation. President Thein Sein proposed placing Rohingya under UNHCR administration or resettling them abroad, while Rakhine nationalist politicians, organizations and some Bu…
Open in Rohipedia →An overview of Islam among the Rohingya, including its historical development in Arakan, Sunni and Hanafi traditions, mosques, religious education, religious leadership, family practices and the role of religion in Rohingya community life.
Open in Rohipedia →This chapter examines separately the conduct of Myanmar Police, Lon Htein, NaSaKa, the Tatmadaw and local authorities during the June 2012 violence. Rohingya testimony and independent investigations documented shootings, discriminatory arrests, village raids, alleged cooperation with Rakhine attack…
Open in Rohipedia →In 2006, NaSaKa authorities intensified restrictions on Rohingya religious institutions across northern Arakan. Mosques, madrassas and Qur'an-recitation centres were ordered closed, while documented cases in Buthidaung and Maungdaw involved Rohingya congregations being compelled to destroy their ow…
Open in Rohipedia →In January 2005, several days of Muslim-Buddhist communal violence occurred in Kyaukphyu, central Arakan. Contemporary reporting documented the deaths of two Muslims and severe injury of a Buddhist monk, against a wider background of anti-Muslim discrimination, movement restrictions and expanding a…
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